Atypische Neuroleptika und neue Antidepressiva in der Therapie neurologischer Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Atypische Neuroleptika und neue Antidepressiva unterscheiden sich von den klassischen Präparaten durch unterschiedliche Wirkmechanismen und zum Teil günstigere Nebenwirkungsspektren. Wenngleich sie primär zur Therapie psychiatrischer Erkrankungen zum Einsatz kommen, führte vor allem dieses günstige Nebenwirkungsprofil zum Einsatz der Präparate auch bei neurologischen Erkrankungen, bei denen die Anwendung älterer Substanzen, wie trizyklische Antidepressiva, oft mit intolerablen Nebenwirkungen verbunden war. So wurden atypische Neuroleptika, wie Clozapin, erfolgreich zur Behandlung L-Dopa-induzierter Psychosen beim M. Parkinson eingesetzt, ohne extrapyramidale Symptome zu verschlechtern. Neue Antidepressiva, wie Fluoxetin, zeigten sich unter anderem bei der Behandlung der Affektinkontinenz als wirksam. Der vorliegende Artikel soll einen Überblick über den Einsatz atypischer Neuroleptika und neuer Antidepressiva (fokussiert auf die selektiven Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer) zur Behandlung neurologischer Krankheiten geben.

Atypical Neuroleptics and New Antidepressants in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

Compared to the classical drugs, atypical neuroleptics and new antidepressants are characterised by different mechanisms of action and, in a number of aspects, by a more favourable side effect profile. Though primarily applied in psychiatric disorders these properties prompted their use in neurological diseases, where side effects of classical therapeutics, such as tricyclic antidepressants, are often a major concern. For example, atypical neuroleptics, like clozapine, were successfully applied for the treatment of l-dopa-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease without deterioration of motor functions. New antidepressants, like fluoxetine, have been shown to be effective in emotionalism. This article provides an overview of the use of atypical neuroleptics and new antidepressants (focused on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) in the treatment of neurological disorders.

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